The physical and chemical environmental factors have a great influence on the growth of microorganisms. The temperature, the pH, the CO2_, tension, the redox potential, the humidity, the osmotic pressure and the aeration, are external factors that must be controlled to optimize the speed of microbial growth.

• Temperature
• Oxygen
• pH: acidophiles /neutrophiles/ alcalophiles
• Availability of water/osmosis: Tolerance to salts: Halophile

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